www.youtube.com/c/computerstudy

Alt+F	File menu options in current program.
Alt+E	Edit options in current program
Alt+Tab	Switch between open programs
F1	Universal Help in almost every Windows program.
F2	Rename a selected file
F5	Refresh the current program window
Ctrl+N	Create a new, blank document in some software programs
Ctrl+O	Open a file in current software program
Ctrl+A	Select all text.
Ctrl+B	Change selected text to be Bold
Ctrl+I	Change selected text to be in Italics
Ctrl+U	Change selected text to be Underlined
Ctrl+F	Open find window for current document or window.
Ctrl+S	Save current document file.
Ctrl+X	Cut selected item.
Shift+Del	Cut selected item.
Ctrl+C	Copy selected item.
Ctrl+Ins	Copy selected item
Ctrl+V	Paste
Shift+Ins	Paste
Ctrl+Y	Redo last action
Ctrl+Z	Undo last action
Ctrl+K	Insert hyperlink for selected text
Ctrl+P	Print the current page or document.
Home	Goes to beginning of current line.
Ctrl+Home	Goes to beginning of document.
End	Goes to end of current line.
Ctrl+End	Goes to end of document.
Shift+Home	Highlights from current position to beginning of line.
Shift+End	Highlights from current position to end of line.
Ctrl+Left arrow	Moves one word to the left at a time.
Ctrl+Right arrow	Moves one word to the right at a time.
Ctrl+Esc	Opens the START menu

Top 10 programming languages 2018

                      Top 10 programming languages 2018

1.Python

2.C

3.Java

4.C++

5.C#

6.R

7.JavaScript

8. PHP

9.Go

10.Swift

we are using this box to save the file

we are using this dialog box to inserting the picture

Need to record your computer screen for a video or presentation, but don’t want to pay for expensive programs? Here’s a complete tutorial for a free recording program! You’ll see exactly where to find it, and get a full demonstration to see just how it works! 

There are several reasons why you might want to use screen capture software to make HD, professional quality videos. It’s incredibly useful for any sort of how-to-videos involving your PC, makes presentations easy to follow, and gives added credibility to reviews. A well-made video is perfect for the visual learner, and you can give demonstrations with total ease!

It’s so easy to get this free program! All you have to do is search for “microsoft encoder 4”, and it should take you to a page from the Microsoft download center. Download the program, find it in the start menu, and just click the red dot to start recording! Make any changes to your screen, and press the red button again; the video will start from there. For voiceovers, just click the microphone button! You’ll see in this tutorial exactly how to record, stop, save, and play back your video. Then, you can open the second program in your download to edit your video - it’s just that easy! The possibilities are endless with video recording, so go achieve something awesome!

How to create Connection in vb.net using ADO.NET

Imports System.Data.OleDb

Public Class Form1 Dim connectionString As String Dim cnn As OleDbConnection Private Sub Button1_Click(ByVal sender As System.Object, ByVal e As System.EventArgs) Handles Button1.Click connectionString = "Provider=Microsoft.Jet.OLEDB.4.0;Data Source=D:\Database3.mdb;" cnn = New OleDbConnection(connectionString) Try cnn.Open() MsgBox("Connection open") cnn.Close() Catch ex As Exception MsgBox("connection is no open") End Try End Sub

we are using the .net to create this game

visual basic game

1. Sign in to YouTube on a computer or using the mobile site.
2. Go to your channel list.
3. Choose to create a new channel or use an existing Brand Account:
   • Create a new channel by clicking Create a new channel.
   • Create a YouTube channel for a Brand Account that you already manage by choosing the Brand Account from the list. If this Brand Account already has a channel, you can't create a new one—you'll just be switched over to that channel if you select the Brand Account from the list. 
4. Fill out the details to name your new channel and verify your account. Then, click Done. This creates a new Brand Account. 
5. To add a channel manager, follow the instructions to change channel owners and managers.

Learn more about using a channel with a business or other name on YouTube.

PHP tutorial -8- How to use Operators in PHP with example 

we are using the Concatenation operatore in php

PHP tutorial - 6 - How to use For loop in PHP (print table in php) 

we are creating a program of find a even odd number in php

in this video we are created the three videos and adding this values and show on output on the screen with the help of echo.

In this video we are using the comment in php
how to use comment in php

we are creating a php program and run this program we are using the xampp  server

we are installing the xampp server to use the php
Rasmus Lerdorf unleashed the first version of PHP way back in 1994. PHP is a recursive acronym for "PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor". PHP is a server side scripting language that is embedded in HTML. ... PHP is pleasingly zippy in its execution, especially when compiled as an Apache module on the Unix side.

we are creating a program of switch case in this video . we are handling the error of the program that we a make

check more videos on computer study -:

https://youtu.be/gpZrCixM9js
https://youtu.be/7vHG_rLhArU

we are creating a fill information form and we are sending the info to another form sending information
{html}
{body}
{form action="inforec.php" method="get"}
Name:{input type="text" name="name"}{br}
E-mail:{input type="text" name="email"}
{input type="submit"}
{/from}
{/body}

{/html} second page

{html}
{body}

Welcome {?php echo $_GET["name"];?}{br}
Your email address is:{?php echo $_GET["email"];?}
{/body}
{/html}
more php videos

https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list...

Note:A function name must start with a letter or underscore character not with a number, optionally followed by the more letters, numbers, or underscore characters. Tip:An argument is a value that you pass to a function, and a parameter is the variable within the function that receives the argument.

first of all go to the blogger.com then follow these steps

1. Sign up for free or log-in to your account.
2. Pick a Blog template.
3. Open the Blog Manager and create a new post.
4. Create categories and organize your posts.
5. Publish your post.
6. Publish your site and connect your own domain name.
7. Share your blog on Facebook, Twitter, Linkedin or Email.

You might want to redirect users from one ASP.NET Web page to another Web page. For example, you might do this as part of a multi-page form.

TextBox is an asp.net web server control that provide a way for user to type simple text including number and dates. we can use textbox as a single line text input .

Use a radio button when you want the user to choose only one option. When you want the user to choose all appropriate options, use a check box. The following ASP.NET program gives three optionbutton to select. When the user select any option button , the label control displays the which optionbutton is selected.

WHAT IS COMPUTER NETWOR

    

A computer network is a system in which multiple computers are connected to each 
 other to share information and resources. 
                   Characteristics of a computer network 

•Share Resources from one computer to   another 
•Create files and store them in one computer, access those files from the other computer(s) 
 connected over the network 
•Connect a printer, scanner, or a fax machine to  one  computer  within  the  network  and  let 
 other   computers  of   the   network   use   the  machines available over network. 
  
                     Data communications 

•Data       communications       refers   to       the   transmission of this digital data between two 
  or more computers and a computer network   or   data   network  is   a   telecommunications 
  network  that  allows  computers  to  exchange   data. Data communications 

•The  physical  connection  between  networked  computing devices is established using either 
 cable  media  or  wireless  media.  The   best- known computer network is the Internet. 
 Classification of Computer Networks 

•A  system  of  interconnected  computers  and   computerized  peripherals  such  as  printers  is 
  called            computer            network.            This   interconnection  among  computers  facilitates 
  information sharing among them. Computers   may connect to each other by either wired or 
  wireless media. 
       Classification of Computer Networks                        

•Computer networks are classified based on  various factors.  They includes: 
•Geographical span 
•Inter-connectivity 
•Administration 
•Architecture 
  
              Geographical Span 

•Geographically a network can be seen in one of the  following categories: 
•It may be spanned across your table, among Bluetooth   enabled devices,. Ranging not more 

than few meters. 
•It may be spanned across a whole building, including   intermediate devices to connect all floors. 
•It may be spanned across a whole city. 
•It may be spanned across multiple cities or provinces. 
•It may be one network covering whole world. 
   
             Inter-Connectivity 

 •Components of a network can be connected to  each   other   differently  in  some   fashion.  By 
  connectedness  we    mean    either    logically    ,   physically , or both ways. 
•Every single device can be connected to every   other device on network, making the network 
  mesh. 
•All devices can be connected to a single medium   but geographically disconnected, created buslike 
  structure. •Each device is connected to its left and right   peers only, creating linear structure. 
•All devices connected together with a single   device, creating star like structure. 
•All devices connected arbitrarily using all   previous ways to connect each other, resulting 
  in a hybrid structure. 
   
              Administration 

 •From  an  adiistrator’s   point  of   view,   a   network    can  be    private    network    which 
  belongs   a   single   autonomous   system   and   cannot  be  accessed  outside  its  physical  or 
  logical domain. A network can be public which   is accessed by all. 
   
                        Network Architecture 
•Computer networks can be discriminated into   various  types  such  as  Client-Server,  peer-to-
  peer   or     hybrid,     depending     upon   its   architecture.
•There can be one or more systems acting as   Server. Other being Client, requests the Server 
  to serve requests . Server takes and processes   request on behalf of Clients. 
   •Two systems can be connected Point-to-Point, or in back-to-back fashion. They both reside at 
 the same level and called peers. 
•There can be hybrid network which involves  network architecture of both the above types.   
          Network Applications 
                        

•Computer     systems     and     peripherals     are connected to form a network . They provide 
 numerous advantages: 
•Resource sharing such as printers and storage  devices 
•Exchange of information by means of e-Mails  and FTP 
•Information sharing by using Web or Internet 
•Interaction with other users using dynamic  web pages 
•IP phones 
•Video conferences 
•Parallel computing 
•Instant messaging 
        

          Geographical Span 
•Generally,  networks  are  distinguished  based   on their geographical span. A network can be 
  as  small  as  distance  between  your  mobile   phone  and  its  Bluetooth  headphone  and  as 
  large as the internet itself, covering the whole   geographical world, 
   
           Personal Area Network 

 •A  Personal  Area  Network  (PAN)  is  smallest  network  which  is  very  personal  to  a  user.  This  

may  include   Bluetooth    enabled    devices  or    infra-red    enabled   devices. PAN has connectivity 

range up to 10 meters.   PAN  may  include  wireless  computer  keyboard  and   mouse,    Bluetooth

   enabled    headphones,    wireless   printers and TV remotes. 
•For  example,  Piconet  is  Bluetooth-enabled  Personal   Area  Network  which  may  contain  up  to  8  devices   connected together in a master-slave fashion. Personal Area Network 

            Local Area Network 

•A  computer  network  spanned  inside  a  building   and operated under single administrative system 

  is generally termed as Local Area Network (LAN).   Usually  ,  LAN  covers  an  orgaizatio’  offices, 
  schools, colleges or universities.  
•LAN   provides   a   useful   way  of   sharing   the   resources  between  end  users  .  The  resources 

  such  as   printers,   file   servers,   scanners,   and   internet are easily sharable among computers. 
 •LANs are composed of inexpensive networking and routing equipment. It may contains local 
 servers serving file storage and other locally  shared  applications.  It  mostly  operates  on 
 private  IP  addresses  and  does  not  involve  heavy routing. LAN works under its own locl 
 domain and controlled centrally. 
  •LAN    uses    either    Ethernet  or    Token-ring technology. Ethernet is most widely employed 
  LAN technology and uses Star topology, while   Token-ring is rarely seen. 
•LAN can be wired , wireless, or in both forms 
  at once. 
   
                               Metropolitan Area Network 
•The    Metropolitan    Area    Network    (MAN)   generally  expands  throughout  a  city  such  as 
  cable  TV  network.  It  can  be  in  the  form  of   Ethernet     ,     Token-ring,     ATM,   or     Fiber 
  Distributed Data Interface (FDDI). 
   •Metro Ethernet is a service which is provided by ISPs. This service enables its users to expand their 
  Local Area Networks. For example, MAN can help   an organization to connect all of its offices in a 
  city.  
•Backbone  of  MAN  is  high-capacity  and  high-  speed fiber optics. MAN works in between Local 
  Area  Network  and  Wide  Area  Network.  MAN   provides uplink for LANs to WANs or internet. 
   
                   Wide Area Network  
                        

•As the name suggests, the Wide Area Network  (WAN)  covers  a  wide  area  which  may  span 
 across  provinces  and  even  a  whole  country.  Generally,   telecommunication   networks   are 
 Wide Area Network. These networks provide  connectivity to MANs and LANs. Since they are  

equipped  with   very  high  speed  backbone,  WANs use very expensive network equipment. 
  •WAN may use advanced technologies such as Asynchronous  Transfer  Mode  (ATM),  Frame 
 Relay,    and    Synchronous    Optical    Network  (SONET). WAN may be managed by multiple 
 administration. 
               

                          Internetwork 

                           
•A network of networks is called an internetwork,   or simply the internet. It is the largest network in 
  existence  on  this  planet  .  The  internet  hugely   connects all WANs and it can have connection to 
  LANs and  Home networks. Internet uses TCP/IP   protocol   suite   and   uses  IP  as   its   addressing 
  protocol.     Present     day,     Internet   is     widely   implemented using IPv4. Because of shortage of 
  address spaces, it is gradually migrating from IPv4   to IPv6. 
 •Internet enables its users to share and access enormous amount of information worldwide. 
  It uses WWW, FTP, email services, audio and   video  streaming  etc.  At  huge  level,  internet 
  works on Client-Server model. Internet  uses  very  high  speed  backbone  of   fiber      optics.

  To      inter-connect      various   continents, fibers are laid under sea known to 
  us as submarine communication cable. 
   •Internet  is  widely  deployed  on  World  Wide  Web services using HTML linked pages and is 
 accessible  by  client  software  known  as  Web Browsers. When a user requests a page using 
 some  web  browser  located  on  some  Web  Server anywhere in the world, the Web Server 
 responds  with  the  proper  HTML  page.  The  communication delay is very low. 
  •Internet is serving many proposes and is involved  in many aspects of life. Some of them are: 
•Web sites 
•E-mail 
•Instant Messaging 
•Blogging 
•Social Media 
•Marketing 
•Networking 
•Resource Sharing 
•Audio and Video Streaming 
   

                                           RING Topology
•It is called ring topology because it forms a  ring as each computer is connected to another  computer, 

with the last one connected to the  first. Exactly two neighbors for each device.RING 
     

                                                              Features of Ring Topology
•A number of repeaters are used for Ring topology with large  number of nodes, because if someone

wants to send some data to  the last node in the ring topology with 100 nodes, then the data will 

 have to pass through 99 nodes to reach the 100th node. Hence to  prevent data loss repeaters are used 

in the network.

•The transmission is unidirectional, but it can be made bidirectional  by having 2 connections between 

each Network Node, it is  called Dual Ring Topology.

•In Dual Ring Topology, two ring networks are formed, and data flow  is in opposite direction in them.

Also, if one ring fails, the second  ring can act as a backup, to keep the network up.

•Data is transferred in a sequential manner that is bit by bit. Data  transmitted, has to pass through each 

node of the network, till the  destination node.
                                                    •Advantages of Ring Topology
•Transmitting network is not affected by high traffic or  by adding more nodes, as only the nodes having tokens 
 can transmit data.
•Cheap to install and expand
•Disadvantages of Ring Topology
•Troubleshooting is difficult in ring topology.
•Adding or deleting the computers disturbs the network 
 activity.
•Failure of one computer disturbs the whole network.

                     

                                             MESH Topology
•It is a point-to-point connection to other nodes or  devices. All the network nodes are connected to each 
 other. Mesh has n(n-2)/2 physical channels to  link n devices.
•There are two techniques to transmit data over the 
 Mesh topology, they are :
•Routing
•Flooding
•Routing
•In routing, the nodes have a routing logic, as per the  network requirements. Like routing logic to direct the 
 data to reach the destination using the shortest  distance. 
•Flooding
•In flooding, the same data is transmitted to all  the network nodes, hence no routing logic is 
 required. The network is robust, and the its  very unlikely to lose the data. But it leads to 
 unwanted load over the network.
                                                  Types of Mesh Topolog
Partial Mesh Topology : In this topology some of the systems 
 are connected in the same fashion as mesh topology but 
 some devices are only connected to two or three devices.

Full Mesh Topology: Each and every nodes or devices are 
 connected to each other.

                                                                             Features of Mesh Topology•Fully connected.
•Robust.
•Not flexible.
Advantages of Mesh Topology
•Each connection can carry its own data load.
•It is robust.
•Fault is diagnosed easily.
•Provides security and privacy.
Disadvantages of Mesh Topology
•Installation and configuration is difficult.
•Cabling cost is more.
•Bulk wiring is required.
                                                                     TREE TOPOLOGY
•It has a root node and all other nodes are 
 connected to it forming a hierarchy. It is also 
 called hierarchical topology. It should at least 
 have three levels to the hierarchy.
TREE
       Features of Tree Topology
•Ideal if workstations are located in groups.
•Used in Wide Area Network.
 Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages
•Extension of bus and star topologies.
•Expansion of nodes is possible and easy.
•Easily managed and maintained.
•Error detection is easily done.
•Disadvantages
•Heavily cabled.
•Costly.
•If more nodes are added maintenance is difficult.
•Central hub fails, network fails.
                                                           

                                                                   HYBRID Topology
•It is a mixture of two or more topologies. For  example if in an office in one department ring  topology is used 

and in another star topology  is used, connecting these topologies will result  in Hybrid Topology 

(ring topology and star 
 topology).
  Features of Hybrid Topology
•It is a combination of two or topologies
•Inherits the advantages and disadvantages of the topologies included
BUS and TREE 
Advantages of Hybrid Topology
Reliable as Error detecting and trouble shooting is easy.
Effective.
Scalable as size can be increased easily.
Flexible.

Disadvantages of Hybrid Topology
Complex in design.
Costly.